Allervibe
E104
Quinoline yellow
A synthetic greenish-yellow dye of the quinophthalone class, used to colour food, drink and medicines.
i Additive Details
| Is E104 Quinoline yellow safe?
Products containing E104 must carry the EU warning 'may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children' (Regulation EC 1333/2008). EFSA's 2009 re-evaluation sharply reduced the Acceptable Daily Intake and concluded that intake by children could exceed it in the higher exposure scenarios. Quinoline yellow is not authorised as a food colour in the United States, although it is permitted there in drugs and cosmetics.
| Uses
Gives a greenish lemon-yellow shade to soft drinks, sweets, jellies, ice cream, dessert mixes, sauces, decorations and coatings, and smoked fish such as haddock. It is also used in medicines, cosmetics and personal care products, where it may appear as CI 47005 or D&C Yellow No. 10.
| Interactions
Blended with red and blue colours to build orange and green shades, and often appears alongside E110 and E122 in the same product. It was one of the six colours in the 2007 Southampton study on additive mixtures and children's behaviour, which is the basis for the EU warning label. Unlike E110, E122, E124 and E129 it is a quinophthalone dye, not an azo dye.
| Origin
Synthetic. Made by sulphonating quinophthalone, which is produced from quinaldine and phthalic anhydride. The food grade is the water-soluble disulphonated form.
| Daily Intake
EFSA's 2009 re-evaluation set an Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0.5 mg per kg of body weight per day, reduced from the earlier level of 10 mg per kg.
Information is sourced from public regulatory bodies (EFSA, FDA, WHO) and is for reference only. Always read the package and consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.
Related additives
- E171 Titanium dioxide A white mineral pigment used as a colorant and opacifier.
- E110 Sunset yellow FCF A synthetic orange-yellow azo dye, known in the United States as FD&C Yellow No. 6.
- E122 Azorubine (carmoisine) A synthetic bluish-red azo dye, also sold under the name carmoisine.
- E124 Ponceau 4R A synthetic red azo dye, also called cochineal red A, with no connection to cochineal insects.
- E129 Allura red AC A synthetic red azo dye, known in the United States as FD&C Red No. 40.
- E120 Cochineal / Carminic acid A red pigment extracted from the dried bodies of the cochineal insect Dactylopius coccus.
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